If the external (voluntary) sphincter relaxes, what happen? if the external sphincter is not relaxed, what happen?

Mr rogers is 2 days postoperative of a thoracotomy of removal of a malignant mass in his left chest. his pain is being managed via epidural catheter with morphine. as the nurse assumes care of mr rogers, he is alert and fully oriented and states that his current pain is 2 on a 1 -to-10 scale. his vital signs are 37.8-92-12, 138/82. what are benefits of epidural versus systemic administration of opioids? the nurse monitors mr roger’s respiratory status and vital signs every 2 hours. what is the rationale for this frequent assessments? the nurse monitors mr rogers for what other complications of epidural anelgesis?

Aclient’s transdermal fentanyl was discontinued 2hr ago due to adverse effects. which of the following findings is the priority for the nurse to document? a. heart rate b. respiratory rate c. bowel sounds d. activity level

Anurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and is taking pioglitazone. the nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. tinnitus b. insomnia c. fluid retention d. orthostatic hypotension