The exponential function in the graph shows the value, in dollars, of an investment over time.

what real-world information is given by the point (1, 142.50)?

the value after 1 year

the starting value

the value after 142.50 years

the amount of time it takes for the value to decrease by one-half

The graph shows that at the point of one year, the value has gone down to $142.50. This means that a year has to have passed, so it's the value after 1 year.
It can't be the starting value b/c that's at 0 years, and it can't be the value after 142.5 years b/c there's not that many years on the x-axis. The amount of time it takes for the value to decrease by one-half is, well, halfway down the graph.

the second one

It is blindness and randomization