What is a mathematical phrase that contains numbers, variables, or operators, but no equal sign?

Abby is preparing fruit punch for her party. she starts with a bowl filled with liquid that has 1/2 fruit juice and 1/2 sprite, but she decides it's too fruity. so she pours out 1/4 of the liquid, and then fills the bowl up again with sprite. what fraction of the punch is now sprite?

Researchers were interested in whether relaxation training decreases the number of headaches a person experiences. they randomly assigned 20 participants to a control group or a relaxation training group and noted the change in number of headaches each group reported from the week before training to the week after training. which statistical analysis should be performed to answer the researchers' question?

:24% of students in a class are girls. if there are less than 30 students in this class, how many students are there? how many girls are there?