Simplify the expression x2 + 1 as much as possible after substituting cot(θ) for x. (assume 0° < θ < 90°.)

Remark: we are going to use the following identities:

i) cot(x)=cos(x)/sin(x)

ii) , 

iii) 1/ (sin x)  = csc(x)

x^2+1=cot^2(∅)+1=[cos(∅)/sin(∅)]^2+1         by identity i

=[cos^2(∅)]/[sin^2(∅)]+(sin^2∅)/(sin^2∅)

=[cos^2(∅)+sin^2(∅)]/ [sin^2(∅)]=1/ [sin^2(∅)]   by identity ii

=[ 1/ sin(∅)]^2=csc^2(∅)                  by identity iii

csc^2(∅)