Jamie, a recruiter, claims that her recruits' entrance exam score is less than 168 points, on average. Several of her coworkers do not believe her, so she decides to do a hypothesis test, at a 1% significance level, to persuade them. She records the scores from 17 recruits. The mean score of the sample recruits is 155 points. Jamie knows from experience that the standard deviation for her recruits' entrance exam score is 19 points. H0: μ≥168; Ha: μ<168
α=0.01 (significance level)
What is the test statistic (z-score) of this one-mean hypothesis test?

Two researchers are attempting to create a new psychotherapy protocol that more reduces panic attacks. they believe that they have succeeded and are now in the clinical trial period of their protocol's development. they are working with several cohort groups, some of which have been through the new protocol, while others have done the standard protocol currently recommended. if these researchers are interested in evaluating the difference in the percentage of test subjects who successfully decreased their panic attacks in 2 months on the new protocol versus the percentage of test subjects who successfully decreased their panic attacks in 2 months with the traditional protocol, which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate? a. analysis of variance (anova) b. correlation c. chi-square test d. paired t-test e. independent t-test