For each of the following, mark whether it is a possible confounder (a factor that mixes up the results, making it look like candy is to blame when it's not.), a causal (or causation) link which supports the argument that candy causes criminal behavior (ie, explains how candy leads to criminality ), or neither (an irrelevant factor, something that may cause people to become criminals but has nothing to do with eating candy). a. Violent Abuse-- Children who suffer violent abuse are more likely to become violent adults and commit violent crimes.
b. Impulsive Personality-- Kids who are highly impulsive and have trouble delaying gratification are more likely to eat candy every day as children and more likely to disobey laws as adults.
c. Gender- Boys are overwhelmingly more likely to commit violent crimes.