Which transformation from the graph of a graph of a function f(x) describes the graph of f(x)-1

Anumber cube is rolled and a coin is tossed. the number cube and the coin are fair. what is the probability that the number rolled is less than 4 and the coin toss is tails?

Arestaurant gives out a scratch-off card to every customer. the probability that a customer will win a prize from a scratch-off card is 25%. design and conduct a simulation using random numbers to find the experimental probability that a customer will need more than 3 cards in order to win a prize. justify the model for your simulation, and conduct at least 10 trials.

How can you find the mean absolute deviation (mad) for this set of data?