A stub function is:. A) A short function
B) A function that has been unit tested
C) A function that acts as a placeholder and returns a simple value so another function can be tested
D) A function that is broken down into smaller steps through step-wise refinement

c. A function that acts as a placeholder and returns a simple value so another function can be tested.

Step-by-step explanation:

A stub simply means a function which has an expected signature but has an incomplete implementation. It is put in place in order for codes to be tested before the functions are fully written.

A stub is a function that acts as a placeholder and returns a simple value so another function can be tested. Therefore, the correct option is C.

a reflection across the x-axis , followed by the by a reflection across the y-axis , and then a scale dilation of 0.5 .

answer: sine

step-by-step explanation: