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If a is an odd integer and b is an even integer, which of the following must true of a−b?
Possible Answers:
We cannot draw any conclusions from the given information.
a−b=b−a
a−b=a(b−2)
The result will be odd.
The result will be even.
Correct
The result will be odd.
Explanation:
An even number subtracted from an odd number will always produce an odd result.
None of the other answer choices are correct.
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Example Question #1: How To Add Even Numbers
If x represents an even integer, which of the following expressions represents an odd integer?
Possible Answers:
5x + 4
x + 2
3x + 1
3x – 2
2x – 2
Correct
3x + 1
Explanation:
Pick any even integer (2, 4, 6, etc.) to represent x. The only value that is odd is 3x + 1. Any number multiplied by an even integer will be even. When an even number is added and subtracted to that product, the result will be even as well. 3x + 1 is the only choice that adds an odd number to the product.
Example Question #1 : How To Divide Even Numbers
If m and n are both even integers, which of the following must be true?
l. m2/n2 is even
ll. m2/n2 is odd
lll. m2 + n2 is divisible by four
Possible Answers:
I only
II only
I & III only
none
III only
Correct
III only
Explanation:
While I & II can be true, examples can be found that show they are not always true (for example, 22/22 is odd and 42/22 is even).
III is always true – a square even number is always divisible by four, and the distributive property tell us that adding two numbers with a common factor gives a sum that also has that factor.
Example Question #1 : How To Divide Even Numbers
Let S be a set that consists entirely of even integers, and let T be the set that consists of each of the elements in S increased by two. Which of the following must be even?
I. the mean of T
II. the median of T
III. the range of T
Possible Answers:
III only
II and III only
II only
I and II only
I only
Correct
III only
Explanation:
S consists of all even integers. If we were to increase each of these even numbers by 2, then we would get another set of even numbers, because adding 2 to an even number yields an even number. In other words, T also consists entirely of even numbers.
In order to find the mean of T, we would need to add up all of the elements in T and then divide by however many numbers are in T. If we were to add up all of the elements of T, we would get an even number, because adding even numbers always gives another even number. However, even though the sum of the elements in T must be even, if the number of elements in T was an even number, it's possible that dividing the sum by the number of elements of T would be an odd number.
For example, let's assume T consists of the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. If we were to add up all of the elements of T, we would get 20. We would then divide this by the number of elements in T, which in this case is 4. The mean of T would thus be 20/4 = 5, which is an odd number. Therefore, the mean of T doesn't have to be an even number.
Next, let's analyze the median of T. Again, let's pretend that T consists of an even number of integers. In this case, we would need to find the average of the middle two numbers, which means we would add the two numbers, which gives us an even number, and then we would divide by two, which is another even number. The average of two even numbers doesn't have to be an even number, because dividing an even number by an even number can produce an odd number.
For example, let's pretend T consists of the numbers 2, 4, 6, and 8. The median of T would thus be the average of 4 and 6. The average of 4 and 6 is (4+6)/2 = 5, which is an odd number. Therefore, the median of T doesn't have to be an even number.
Finally, let's examine the range of T. The range is the difference between the smallest and the largest numbers in T, which both must be even. If we subtract an even number from another even number, we will always get an even number. Thus, the range of T must be an even number.
Of choices I, II, and III, only III must be true.
The answer is III only.
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Example Question #1 : How To Multiply Even Numbers
If x is an even integer and y is an odd integer. Which of these expressions represents an odd integer?
I. xy
II. x-y
III. 3x+2y
Possible Answers:
I, II, and III only
II and III only
I and II only
II only
I and III only
Correct
II only
Explanation:
I)xy is Even*Odd is Even. II) x-y is Even+/-Odd is Odd. III) 3x is Odd*Even =Even, 2y is Even*Odd=Even, Even + Even = Even. Therefore only II is Odd.
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Example Question #2 : How To Multiply Even Numbers
If x is an even number, y is an odd number, and z is an even number, which of the following will always give an even number?
I. xyz
II. 2x+3y
III. z2 – y
