in 2012, the population of a city was 63,000. by 2017, the population was reduced to approximately 54,100. identify any equations that are appropriate models for the population of the city, and explain why the others are not

Consider the diagram. lines e and c can be described as

Consider the linear model for a two-stage nested design with b nested in a as given below. yijk=\small \mu + \small \taui + \small \betaj(i) + \small \varepsilon(ij)k , for i=1,; j= ; k=1, assumption: \small \varepsilon(ij)k ~ iid n (0, \small \sigma2) ; \small \taui ~ iid n(0, \small \sigmat2 ); \tiny \sum_{j=1}^{b} \small \betaj(i) =0; \small \varepsilon(ij)k and \small \taui are independent. using only the given information, derive the least square estimator of \small \betaj(i) using the appropriate constraints (sum to zero constraints) and derive e(msb(a) ).

What is the slope of the line? the graph shows the relationship between the volume of a rectangular prism and the volume of a square pyramid with an identical base and height. prism vs. pyramid prism volume (cubic units) + 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 pyramid volume (cubic units)