Show that the optical depth, τ, along the path x from x = −∞ to x = +∞ is that equation at a height z in the atmosphere relative to z0, where n0 is the number density at height z0 and σ is the cross-section of scattering particles.

step-by-step explanation:

we can use this expression to calculate the energy gain as a particle moves with a field or the energy loss as it moves against it. (note that it is also used to define the electron-volt, a unit of energy equal to that gained by an electron as it falls through a pd of 1 v, i.e. w = 1 ev = 1.6 10-19 c 1 v = 1.6 10-19j).in fact this expression is really nothing more than the statement that potential is the potential energy per unit charge. in this case, v= w/qis simply stating that the change in potential energy(or work done) per unit charge is equal to the change in potential (or potential difference), v.student questions: uniform electric fields2electron beamcathode+5 kvanode0 v

aloha~! my name is zalgo and i am here to you out on this amazing day. to answer your question, yes, nonzero numbers can have a greatest common factor and that would be 1. still don't get it? let me considering every number is divisible by 1 and hence every number has 1 as a factor of theirs. so, if 2 nonzero numbers didn't share any gcf (greatest common factor), they would still have a factor in common and that would be 1.

i hope that this ! : p

"stay and stay proud! " - zalgo

(by the way, do you mind marking me as brainliest? i'd greatly appreciate it! mahalo! x3)

168

step-by-step explanation:

first off, we know that he drove 3.5 hours at a rate of 48 mph.

knowing that, we want to see how many miles he drove all-together.

in this case, we can just multiply 48 by 3.5.

48 * 3.5 = 168