In what direction and by how many units is the graph of f(x) = 5 cos(4x − π) − 1 vertically and horizontally shifted?

graph shifted horizontally right by π unit and Vertically down by 1 unit.

Step-by-step explanation:

Given  :  f(x) = 5 cos(4x − π) − 1 .

To find : In what direction and by how many units is the graph shifted .

Solution : We have given that f(x) = 5 cos(4x − π) − 1 .

By the transformation  rule : f(x) →→→f(x-h) graph is shifted to right by h unit

f(x) →→→f(x) -k mean graph shifted vertically down .

Then , graph of  f(x) = 5 cos(4x − π) − 1  shifted horizontally right by π unit and Vertically down by 1 unit,

Therefore, graph shifted horizontally right by π unit and Vertically down by 1 unit.

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step-by-step explanation: