A. what is the probability that jacob, the newborn you’re considering for a 30-year policy, lives to be 30 years old? jacob is a non-hispanic white male, so look in table 14

I found the life tables for the year 2012. 

Life table of males at age 30. Probability of dying between ages x and x+1

total population: 
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001030
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001061

males: 
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001420
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001448

white population
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001005
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001037

white males
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001372
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001399

non Hispanic white population
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001083
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001116

non Hispanic white males
29–30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001477
30–31 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.001503

Jacob, non Hispanic white male. 30 years old.

Probability that Jacob lives to be 30 years old. 

Since the given probabilities are probabilities of dying, I think we simply subtract it from 1 to get the probability of living. We will use the probability of non Hispanic white male.
                                    
                                          Probability of living to be 30 y.o.
29 - 30 : 1 - 0.001477 = 0.998523
30 - 31 : 1 - 0.001503 = 0.998497

Yes, two vertical lines can be complementary

Same length is comparing because it’s saying its the same and not different