A researcher reported the results from a particular experiment to the scientist who conducted it. The report states that on one specific part of the experiment, a statistical test result yielded a p-value of 0.18. Based on this p-value, what should the scientist conclude? The test was not statistically significant because 2 × 0.18 = 0.36, which is less than 0.5.
The test was not statistically significant because if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 18% of the time.
The test was not statistically significant because if the null hypothesis is true, one could expect to get a test statistic at least as extreme as that observed 82% of the time.
The test was statistically significant because a p-value of 0.18 is greater than a significance level of 0.05.
The test was statistically significant because p = 1 − 0.18 = 0.82, which is greater than a significance level of 0.05.