Consider a simple two-stage assembly line that has two identical robot arms (one for each stage).The system is functioning if a part can receive processing (i. e. the robot arm is working) in bothstages of an assembly line. Your supervisor knows that a pure series system is not the most reliable and has authorized the purchase of two additional arms to be used to add redundancy to the system. However, she is unsure of the best way to set up the additional components to maximize system reliability. There are two options being considered: 1. Put an additional arm in each stage so that the arms in a single stage operate in parallel.
2. Set up an additional two-stage assembly line that will operate in parallel with the original line. Assume the individual component reliability for all 4 arms is R.

a. What is the system reliability of the first option in terms of R?
b. What is the system reliability of the second option in terms of R?