In your English class, you are given a list of 12 books. You are to choose 3 books to read over the summer. How many DIFFERENT groups of 3 books are available from the list of 12?
There are
DIFFERENT groups

This is a probability and stats question. I think it’s a combination and not a permutation but am not certain

2

step-by-step explanation:

vvvvv

the answer is; biodiversity resulting from few ancestors

adaptive radiation occurs when a population is subjected to a large natural environment with spatial ecological variations. the parts of the population in the different ecologies begin to adapt to their local environments. due to non-random mating across the large populations, this causes the different populations from the large population to speciate within their local environments. they, therefore, diverge to different species sharing a common ancestor.  

a) at most means it can cost $12 or less

so the inequality sign would be ≤

you would then need to multiply the number of toppings by the 0.35 for each one and add it to the cost of the cheese pizza.

the equation would be 9.99 + 0.35x ≤ 12

b) using the above equation:

9.99 + 0.35x ≤ 12

subtract 9.99 from each side:

0.35x ≤2.01

divide both sides by 0.35:

x ≤ 2.01 / 0.35

x ≤5.74

at most you could have 5 toppings.

the 5 topping pizza would cost: 0.35 x 5 = 1.75 + 9.99 = $11.74