PLease help i dont understand it

Tod does not have any cookies. david gives jeff 8 cookies. then he splits half of the cookies he has left with tod. david let’s c represent the number of cookies that he starts with. he finds the number of cookies that tod has is 1/2 the difference of c and 8. write an expression to represent the number of cookies that tod has.

Patty made a name tag in the shape of a parallelogram. reilly made a rectangular name tag with the same base and height. explain how the areas of the name tags compare.

Given that sin∅ = 1/4, 0 < ∅ < π/2, what is the exact value of cos∅? a. (√4)/4 b. (√15)/4 c. (4π)/2 d. (4√2)/4