Suppose that the probability of having a particular disease is 0.08. Suppose that the probability of testing positive for the disease is 0.94 given that a person has the disease and 0.08 given that the person does not have the disease. Given that a person tests positive for the disease, what is the probability that they actually have the disease? (Answer to four decimal places).

0.5054

Step-by-step explanation:

This is a question on conditional probability.

We solve using Baye's Theorem of conditional probability

From the question

The probability of having a particular disease = 0.08.

The probability of not having a particular disease = 1 - 0.08 = 0.92

The probability of testing positive for the disease is given that a person has the disease = 0.94

The probability of testing positive given that the person does not have the disease = 0.08

Given that a person tests positive for the disease, the probability that they actually have the disease is

= (0.08 × 0.94)/(0.08 × 0.94) + (0.08 × 0.92)

= 0.0752/0.0752 + 0.0736

=0.0752/ 0.1488

= 0.5053763441

≈ Approximately to 4 decimal places = 0.5054

introduction, methodology, results, discussion

step-by-step explanation:

an observational study is one which consists of actual observation to record data and then analyse the data.

there are a number of factors that should be analyzed before starting an observational study.

the main four factors are:

i) introduction:   this should be analysed to check whether the purpose of the study is correctly established and the data recorded are appropriate for the study

methodology:   the method of collecting the data, such as whether randomly selected, and whether sample size matches with the population to be studied, whether questions asked are easy to answer by common men, etc.

results: then results such as summary of data with comments should be studied thoroughly

discussion:   the last is the discussion, this can be either by management people or persons who are all interested , etc.