Air quality measurements were collected in a random sample of 25 country capitals in 2013, and then again in the same cities in 2014. We would like to use these data to compare average air quality between the two years. (a) Should we use a one-sided or a two-sided test? Explain your reasoning.
(b) Should we use a paired or non-paired test? Explain your reasoning.
(c) Should we use a t-test or a z-test? Explain your reasoning.