A manufacturer knows that on average 20% of the electric toasters produced require repairs within 1 year after they are sold. When 20 toasters are randomly selected, find appropriate numbers x and y such that (a) the probability that at least x of them will require repairs is less than 0.5; (b) the probability that at least y of them will not require repairs is greater than 0.8

(a) The value of x is 5.

(b) The value of y is 15.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let the random variable X represent the number of electric toasters produced that require repairs within 1 year.

And the let the random variable Y represent the number of electric toasters produced that does not require repairs within 1 year.

The probability of the random variables are:

P (X) = 0.20

P (Y) = 1 - P (X) = 1 - 0.20 = 0.80

The event that a randomly selected electric toaster requires repair is independent of the other electric toasters.

A random sample of n = 20 toasters are selected.

The random variable X and Y thus, follows binomial distribution.

The probability mass function of X and Y are:

(a)

Compute the value of x such that P (X ≥ x) < 0.50:

Use the Binomial table for n = 20 and p = 0.20.

The least value of x that satisfies the inequality P (X ≥ x) < 0.50 is:

x - 1 = 4

x = 5

Thus, the value of x is 5.

(b)

Compute the value of y such that P (Y ≥ y) > 0.80:

Use the Binomial table for n = 20 and p = 0.20.

The least value of y that satisfies the inequality P (Y ≥ y) > 0.80 is:

20 - y = 5

y = 15

Thus, the value of y is 15.

the first dot plot best represents the data

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