The defect length of a corrosion defect in a pressurized steel pipe is normally distributed with mean value 30 mm and standard deviation 7.8 mm [suggested in the article "Reliability Evaluation of Corroding Pipelines Considering Multiple Failure Modes and Time-Dependent Internal Pressure" (J. of Infrastructure Systems, 2011: 216–224)]. What values separate the largest 80% from the smallest 20% of the defect length distribution.

And if we solve for a we got

So the value of height that separates the bottom 20% of data from the top 80% is 23.432.  

Step-by-step explanation:

Let X the random variable that represent the heights of a population, and for this case we know the distribution for X is given by:

Where and

For this part we want to find a value a, such that we satisfy this condition:

  (a)

  (b)

As we can see on the figure attached the z value that satisfy the condition with 0.20 of the area on the left and 0.80 of the area on the right it's z=-0.842

If we use condition (b) from previous we have this:

But we know which value of z satisfy the previous equation so then we can do this:

And if we solve for a we got

So the value of height that separates the bottom 20% of data from the top 80% is 23.432.  

rick has $1400 and sally has $1500

step-by-step explanation:

to find amount of money rick has after 10 years :

principal = $1000 , time = 10 years , rate = 4% annually

to find amount of money sally has after 10 years :

her friend gives to pay her $50 per year, therefore money she has after 10 years = 50 × 10 = $500

also, sally gets $1000 after 10 years,

therefore, total amount of money sally has after 10 years = 500 + 1000 = $1500

so, after 10 years : rick has $1400 and sally has $1500

it is contrapositive

i could not see the question too well so check yourself again too . this is because i want you to get it correct.