Determine whether the statements in (a) and (b) are logically equivalent. a. Bob is a double math and computer science major and Ann is a math major, but Ann is not a double math and computer science major.
b. It is not the case that both Bob and Ann are double math and computer science majors, but it is the case that Ann is a math major and Bob is a double math and computer science major.

The two statements are logically equivalent.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let X be the statement that Bob is a double math and computer science major.

Y be the statement that Ann is a maths major.

Z be the statement that Ann is a double maths and computer science major.

The two statements written in terms of X, Y and Z now

a. Bob is a double math and computer science major and Ann is a math major, but Ann is not a double math and computer science major.

(x and y) and not z

b. It is not the case that both Bob and Ann are double math and computer science majors, but it is the case that Ann is a math major and Bob is a double math and computer science major.

not (x and z) and (x and y)

Noting that for logical statements,

Negation is represented by ~

And is represented by conjunction sign Λ

Or is represented by disjunction sign V

(x and y) and not z

(x Λ y) Λ (~z)

not (x and z) and (x and y)

~(x Λ z) Λ (x Λ y)

We can then simplify the second statement to obtain the first statement and prove the equivalence of both sides

~(x Λ z) Λ (x Λ y)

Using DE MORGAN'S theory, ~(x Λ z) = (~x) V (~z)

~(x Λ z) Λ (x Λ y) = ((~x) V (~z)) Λ (x Λ y)

Then applying the distributive law to the expression, we can open the bracket up

((~x) V (~z)) Λ (x Λ y)

= ((~x) Λ (x Λ y)) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

Opening the first bracket up further

((~x) Λ (x Λ y)) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

= ((~x) Λ x) Λ y) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

The NEGATION law shows that (~x Λ x) = c (where c is a negation law parameter for when two opposite statements are combined in this manner, it works like a 0 in operation)

((~x) Λ x) Λ y) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

= (c Λ y) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

But (c Λ y) = (y Λ c) = c (according to the UNIVERSALLY BOUND law, see how c works like a 0 now?)

(c Λ y) V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

= c V ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

= ((~z) Λ (x Λ y)) V c (commutative)

And one of the foremost IDENTITY laws is that (any statement) V c = c

((~z) Λ (x Λ y)) V c

= ((~z) Λ (x Λ y))

= (x Λ y) Λ (~z)

Which is the same as the first statement!

PROVED!!!

Hope this Helps!!!

answer:   segregation violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment, which holds that no state can “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”

details/explanation:

brown v. board of education of topeka, decided by the us supreme court in 1954, ruled that all americans are entitled to the same civil liberties and protections in regard to access to education. until that decision, it was legal to segregate schools according to race, so that black students could not attend the same schools as white students.   an older supreme court decision, plessy v. ferguson (1896), had said that separate, segregated public facilities were acceptable as long as the facilities offered were equal in quality.   in the case of brown v. board of education, that standard was challenged and defeated.   segregation was shown to create inequality, and the supreme court unanimously ruled segregation to be unconstitutional.

the ruling was important in advancing civil rights because it affirmed that the 14th amendment applies to all rights and privileges of citizens, including access to   education.   this was being violated by states whose laws supported the segregation of schools.   section 1 of the 14th amendment reads as follows: