Willis has noticed that when time has been one of the variables analyzed by a scatterplot he has looked at, it has always been the independent variable. He has hypothesized that time can never be a dependent variable. Does the scatterplot below confirm or invalidate Willis’s hypothesis?

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large crystals result from very slow cooling.

evaporation of water: this would produce an evaporite which is a sedimentary rock. like a salt pan in a desert. not possible to have volcanic rocks originate this way.

crystalization in molten earth: slow cooling over time. (hundreds to millions of years)

crystalization at earth's surface: this results in fast cooling. (a few hours to a few months or years)

crystalization from cooling off hot water: that would be a hydrothermal deposit. while associated with volcanics they are not volcanic rocks themselves and usually occur fairly rapidly.

turning oxygen into carbon dioxide.