4. In the Department of Natural Sciences, 14 faculty members have a PhD, and 30 faculty members do not have a PhD. In the Department, the number of female faculty who do not
have a PhD is 10 more than the number of females who have a PhD. If a third of the male
faculty in the Department have a PhD, then what is the number of female faculty in the

  8

Step-by-step explanation:

We can start by making the table below to show the given numbers (red) and to assign a variable (x) to the number we want to find: female PhDs.

By subtracting the female numbers from the totals, we can find the corresponding numbers of male PhDs and non-PhDs.

The number of male non-PhDs is twice the number of male PhDs, so we have ...

  2(14 -x) = 20 -x

  28 -2x = 20 -x . . . . eliminate parentheses

  8 = x . . . . . . . . . . . .add 2x-20

The number of female faculty with PhDs is 8.

when functions are first introduced, you will probably have some simplistic "functions" and relations to deal with, usually being just sets of points. these won't be terribly useful or interesting functions and relations, but your text wants you to get the idea of what the domain and range of a function are. small sets of points are generally the simplest sorts of relations, so your book starts with those.

step-by-step explanation:

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(2, –3), (4, 6), (3, –1), (6, 6), (2, 3)}

the above list of points, being a relationship between certain x's and certain y's, is a relation. the domain is all the x-values, and the range is all the y-values. to give the domain and the range, i just list the values without duplication:

domain: {2, 3, 4, 6}

range: {–3, –1, 3, 6}

(it is customary to list these values in numerical order, but it is not required. sets are called "unordered lists", so you can list the numbers in any order you feel like. just don't duplicate: technically, repetitions are okay in sets, but most instructors would count off for this.)

while the given set does indeed represent a relation (because x's and y's are being related to each other), the set they gave me contains two points with the same x-value: (2, –3) and (2, 3). since x = 2 gives me two possible destinations (that is, two possible y-values), then this relation is not a function.

note that all i had to do to check whether the relation was a function was to look for duplicate x-values. if you find any duplicate x-values, then the different y-values mean that you do not have a function. remember: for a relation to be a function, each x-value has to go to one, and only one, y-value.

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(–3, 5), (–2, 5), (–1, 5), (0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 5)}

i'll just list the x-values for the domain and the y-values for the range: