In a study examining the effect of alcohol on reaction time, Liguori and Robinson (2001) found that even moderate alcohol consumption significantly slowed response time to an emergency situation in a driving simulation. In a similar study, researchers measured reaction time 30 minutes after participants consumed one 6-ounce glass of wine. Again, they used a standardized driving simulation task for which the regular population averages m = 400 msec. The distribution of reaction times is approximately normal with a = 40. Assume that the researcher obtained a sample mean of M = 422 for the n = 25 participants in the study.

1. Are the data sufficient to conclude that the alcohol has a significant effect on reaction time? Use a two-tailed test with a = .01.

2. Do the data provide evidence that the alcohol significantly increased (slowed) reaction time? Use a one-tailed test with a = .05 .

3. Compute Cohen's d to estimate the size of the effect.