The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is used by many graduate schools of business as one of their admission criteria. GMAT scores for selected undergraduate majors are shown below. Four statements based on these results are provided along with four criticisms.

Statements

a. Philosophy majors must not be interested in business since so few take the GMAT.

b. More students major in engineering than in English.

c. If marketing students majored in physics, they would score better on the GMAT.

d. Physics majors would make the best managers.

GMAT Scores and Undergraduate Major, 1984-1989 Major Average GMAT Score Number Taking Test Accounting 483 25,233 Computer Science 508 7,573 Economics 513 16,432 Engineering 544 29,688 English 507 3,589 Finance 489 20,001 Marketing 455 15,925 Philosophy 546 588 Physics 575 1,223

Match the four statements to their appropriate criticism.

"The GMAT is just one indicator of managerial skill and ability. It is not the only predictor of success in management."

"This statement suffers from self-selection bias. There are likely many more marketing majors who choose to take the GMAT and therefore may have a wider range of abilities than the abilities of physics majors who choose to take the GMAT."

"We need to know the total number of philosophy majors to evaluate this."

"We don't know the number of students in each major from this table."