Joanna, a machine learning engineer is studying what programming languages are the most effective to systems learn from data. based on previous research, more than 50% of machine learning involves the use of python, a programming language. she suspects this percent has increased in recent years. in the process of hypothesis testing, what set value will allow joanna to make a conclusion about whether her sample proportion is "different enough" than the claimed population proportion?
a. p-value
b. test statistic
c. significance level
d. null hypothesis