Let u = 〈−2,5〉 and v = 〈4,3〉.
a. draw a diagram to illustrate v and u, and then find v + u using the parallelogram rule.
b. draw a diagram to illustrate 2v, and then find 2v + u using the parallelogram rule.
c. draw a diagram to illustrate −v, and then find u − v using the parallelogram rule.
d. draw a diagram to illustrate 3v and −3v.
i. how do the magnitudes of these vectors compare to one another and to that of v?
ii. how do the directions of 3v and −3v compare to the direction of v?

i think it's eleven too, don't woosh me here, but according to the "experts" it's 2.

the proof starts from the peano postulates, which define the natural

numbers n. n is the smallest set satisfying these postulates:

  p1.   1 is in n.

  p2.   if x is in n, then its "successor" x' is in n.

  p3.   there is no x such that x' = 1.

  p4.   if x isn't 1, then there is a y in n such that y' = x.

  p5.   if s is a subset of n, 1 is in s, and the implication

      (x in s => x' in s) holds, then s = n.

then you have to define addition recursively:

  def: let a and b be in n. if b = 1, then define a + b = a'

      (using p1 and p2). if b isn't 1, then let c' = b, with c in n

      (using p4), and define a + b = (a + c)'.

then you have to define 2:

  def:   2 = 1'

2 is in n by p1, p2, and the definition of 2.

theorem:   1 + 1 = 2

proof: use the first part of the definition of + with a = b = 1.

      then 1 + 1 = 1' = 2   q.e.d.

note: there is an alternate formulation of the peano postulates which

replaces 1 with 0 in p1, p3, p4, and p5. then you have to change the

definition of addition to this:

  def: let a and b be in n. if b = 0, then define a + b = a.

      if b isn't 0, then let c' = b, with c in n, and define

      a + b = (a + c)'.

you also have to define 1 = 0', and 2 = 1'. then the proof of the

theorem above is a little different:

proof: use the second part of the definition of + first:

      1 + 1 = (1 + 0)'

      now use the first part of the definition of + on the sum in

      parentheses:   1 + 1 = (1)' = 1' = 2   q.e.d.

the answer is:

the lateral area is equal to

to find the lateral area of the square pyramid, first we need to find the perimeter of the base, and then, find the lateral area using the following formulas:

where,

s, is the base length

slant height, is the height of a the side of the pyramid

we are given:

now, calculating the perimeter of the base, we have:

then, calculating the lateral area:

hence, we have that the lateral area is equal to

have a nice day!