4. a number of whales were asked about things that they dislike
19 dislike giant squids
6 dislike giant squids and pollution and captain ahab
24 dislike captain ahab
1 dislike pollution but don't s dislike giant squids and don't dislike captain akab
11 dislike captain ahab and giant squids
3 dislike pollution and captain ahab but don't dislike giant squids
20 dislike pollution
5 have no dislikes
a how many whales were surveyed?
b. how many dislike at least one of those three tags?
c. how many dislike captain ahab but don't dislike giant squids?
d. how many dislike giant squids or pollution?
6. a number of classicists were asked to identify their favorite epic poets. the results

  A.  38

  B.  33

  C.  13

  D.  23

Step-by-step explanation:

The attached table shows my take on the interpretation of the given numbers. You will note that -2 appears in the combination (dislikes Squids; doesn't dislike Ahab or Pollution).

If we take the letters in the order APS for Ahab, Pollution, Squids, and use D for Dislike and L for Like (doesn't dislike), then the statements get interpreted here as follows:

  19 dislike giant squids: DDD +DLD +LLD +LDD = 19

  6 dislike S and P and A: DDD = 6

  24 dislike A: DDD +DLD +DDL +DLL = 24

  1 dislike P but not S or A: LDL = 1

  11 dislike A and S: DDD +DLD = 11

  3 dislike P and A but not S: DDL = 3

  20 dislike pollution: DDD +LDD +DDL +LDL = 20

  5 have no dislikes: LLL = 5

Starting with the single-cell numbers DDD, LDL, DDL, LLL, you can next fill in the cell value that gives the double cell sum, then the values for quadruple-cell sums (19 will be last).

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A. The total number of whales surveyed is the total of all the numbers in the cells: 38.

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B. The number that dislike at least 1 is the complement of the number that dislike none, so is 38-5 = 33.

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C. This is DDL +DLL = 3+10 = 13.

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D. This is the number that dislike squids (19) plus the number that dislike pollution (1 + 3), for a total of 23.