Mathematics, 26.07.2019 00:20, youugly0123

Suppose that a box contains r red balls and w white balls. suppose also that balls are drawn from the box one at a time, at random, without replacement. (a)what is the probability that all r red balls will be obtained before any white balls are obtained? (b) what is the probability that all r red balls will be obtained before two white balls are obtained?

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answered: SKKP2472

Part a) $P(a)=\frac{1}{\binom{r+w}{r}}$

part b) $P(b)=\frac{1}{\binom{r+w}{r}}+\frac{r}{\binom{r+w}{r}}$

Step-by-step explanation:

The probability is calculated as follows:

We have proability of any event E = $P(E)=\frac{Favourablecases}{TotalCases}$

For part a)

Probability that a red ball is drawn in first attempt = $P(E_{1})=\frac{r}{r+w}$

Probability that a red ball is drawn in second attempt= $P(E_{2})=\frac{r-1}{r+w-1}$

Probability that a red ball is drawn in third attempt = $P(E_{3})=\frac{r-2}{r+w-1}$

Generalising this result

Probability that a red ball is drawn in [tex}i^{th}[/tex] attempt = $P(E_{i})=\frac{r-i}{r+w-i}$

Thus the probability that events $E_{1},E_{2}....E_{i}$ occur in succession is

$P(E)=P(E_{1})\times P(E_{2})\times P(E_{3})\times ...$

Thus P(E) = $\frac{r}{r+w}\times \frac{r-1}{r+w-1}\times \frac{r-2}{r+w-2}\times ...\times \frac{1}{w}\\\\P(E)=\frac{r!}{(r+w)!}\times (w-1)!$

Thus our probability becomes

$P(E)=\frac{1}{\binom{r+w}{r}}$

Part b)

The event " r red balls are drawn before 2 whites are drawn" can happen in 2 ways

1) 'r' red balls are drawn before 2 white balls are drawn with probability same as calculated for part a.

2) exactly 1 white ball is drawn in between 'r' draws then a red ball again at $(r+1)^{th}$ draw

We have to calculate probability of part 2 as we have already calculated probability of part 1.

For part 2 we have to figure out how many ways are there to draw a white ball among (r) red balls which is obtained by permutations of 1 white ball among (r) red balls which equals $\binom{r}{r-1}$

Thus the probability becomes $P(E_i)=\frac{\binom{r}{r-1}}{\binom{r+w}{r}}=\frac{r}{\binom{r+w}{r}}$

Thus required probability of case b becomes $P(E)+ P(E_{i})$

= $P(b)=\frac{1}{\binom{r+w}{r}}+\frac{r}{\binom{r+w}{r}}\\\\$

answered: Guest

4should be the last one n=4

answered: Guest

your exact question is kind of difficult to understand, so maybe an example will explain what you're supposed to do? i'll work through the first problem on the worksheet.

suppose you have a tray of 652 brownies, and you have 5 friends that you want to feed without picking favorites. how many brownies can you dole out to each of your friends in equal amounts? how many will be left over for you to eat?

what you're doing here is finding a way to arrange the number 652 as the sum of integer multiple of 5 and some remainder: $652=5q+r$

here $q$ ("q" for quotient) is the number of brownies each of your friends get, and $r$ is the remainder. that's the basic idea behind division.

we break up the number 652 into parts so that the leading digit stands on its own:

652 = 600 + 52

first we check if it's possible to hand out exactly 100 brownies to each friend. with 5 friends, this means we want to know if we can take out 500 brownies from the tray. we can do this 1 time because we have 600 brownies to take from, and when we do that we're left with 100 + 52 brownies to divvy up. so we know that

652 = 1*500 + 152

next we want to know if it's possible to hand out exactly 10 brownies per friend. if we can, we have to remove 50 brownies from the tray each time until we can't. we have 152 brownies left, and we know that 3(50) = 150, so

152 = 3*50 + 2

now we have 2 brownies left in the tray. is it possible to hand 1 out to each of your 5 friends? no, you'd need a minimum of 5 brownies to do that. so the last 2 are yours.

putting everything together, we found that

652 = 1*500 + 3*50 + 2

and we can rearrange this to write

652 = 5*100 + 5*30 + 2

652 = 5(100 + 30) + 2

652 = 5*130 + 2

so $q=130$ and $r=2$ .

you might be more accustomed to the table depicting the algorithm. that's just a compact way of organizing what we've done above. you can consult the image i've attached below.