To demonstrate competency, a witness testifying must be an individual with personal knowledge who has:
a) The ability to independently recollect and communicate the events in
question.
b) Ability to determine fact from fiction.
c) An appreciation of and adherence to the veracity requirement safeguarded
by the nature of the U. S. Constitution and the structure of the American
judicial system.
d) All of the above.

D

Explanation:

Because a witness must be able to recollect and communicate the events in the situation, determine fact from fiction, and have an appreciation of and adherence to the veracity requirement safeguarded by the nature of the U.S Constitution and structure of the American judicial system in order to be questioned as a witness. Without this, the witness would be useless in the case.

answer:

explanation:

true is your answer. have a nice day.

answer: the equal protection clause is a clause from the text of the fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution. the clause, which took effect in 1868, provides "nor shall any state deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws".