Heidi decided to make extra money by offering to do investments for her friends for a fee. she actually did no investing, but used the funds from new friends to pay off earlier enrollees. this worked well for a while, but her scheme came to light when her supply of new friends came to an end. she is guilty of which of the following practices?
a. operating a ponzi scheme
b. operating a bait and switch scheme
c. account kiting
d. pretexting
e. defalcation