The social structure of the Hittites was headed by the king. The king was considered to be a military commander, judicial authority, and high priest. Under him, several officials exercised authority over various branches of government. The government was also operated through an organized bureaucracy. The military was known for its use of chariots and for the advancements it had accomplished. It also played an important role in the politics of the civilization.
On the other hand, giving an accurate account of the Assyrians is more difficult due to the many changes that the region saw. The region of Assyria was, at different times, under the control of the Median Empire, the Achaemenid Empire, the Macedonian Empire, the Seleucid Empire, the Parthian Empire, the Roman Empire, and the Sasanian Empire, all of which had different cultures and organization.
However, in general terms, we know that the military of the Assyrians was particularly strong. There were two commanders-in-chief, with each serving a different section of the empire. This was also the first empire to have a standing regular army. In terms of its political structure, Assyria was controled by a centralized government and a strong bureaucracy. This was headed by a king, who chose governors to rule the different provinces. Governors were chosen based on merit, and had full power at the local level.
