Describe how china’s recent history (1800s) shaped them in the 1900s.

In the 16th century, the Chinese economy was still the most sophisticated and productive in the world, and the Chinese probably enjoyed a higher standard of living than any other people on earth. The Qing (Ch'ing) Dynasty (1644-1912), founded by the invading Manchus, continued this splendor. Contemporary Chinese called the 18th century "unparalleled in history," when all aspects of culture flourished. China was a prosperous state with abundant natural resources, a huge but basically contented population, and a royal house of great prestige at home and abroad.

By the late 18th century, however, the strong Chinese state contained seeds of its own destruction, particularly its expanding population. Having remained at 100 million through much of history, under the peaceful Qing (Ch'ing), the population doubled from 150 million in 1650 to 300 million by 1800, and reached 450 million by the late nineteenth century (cf. population of the U.S. was 200 million in the 1980s). By then, there was no longer any land in China's southern and central provinces available for migration: the introduction of New World (American) crops through trade - especially sweet potatoes, peanuts, and tobacco, which required different growing conditions than rice and wheat - had already claimed previously unusable land. With only 1/10 of the land arable, farmers had an average of only three (3) acres, with many having only one acre. The right of equal inheritance among sons (versus primogeniture as practiced in Japan) only hastened the fragmentation of land holdings. To compound these problems, the state's political control was diminishing. The size of the bureaucracy remained the same while the population grew. By the 19th century, district magistrates at the lowest level of the Chinese bureaucracy were responsible for the welfare, control, and taxation of an average of 250,000 people. This left control and responsibility for government increasingly in the hands of local leaders whose allegiances were to their localities and families, rather than to the state.

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the assassination of president lincoln was just one part of a larger plot to decapitate the federal government of the u.s. after the civil war. the first reaction to lincoln’s death was disbelief. then it quickly changed to grief. abraham lincoln’s death created an outpouring of grief from citizens in both the north and the south.

explanation:

lincoln was the first u.s. president to be assassinated. president abraham lincoln, america’s civil war leader, was assassinated just five days after confederate general robert e. lee surrendered his army at appomattox court house, ending the four-year war between the states. on the evening of april 14, 1865, lincoln was attending a performance of our american cousin at ford’s theatre in washington, d.c. john wilkes booth – a 26-year old actor, confederate sympathizer, and white supremacist – slipped into the presidential box and shot lincoln in the head. john wilkes booth and his conspirators had initially planned to kidnap lincoln to save the confederate states. but as the confederacy faltered, booth’s thoughts turned to murder. booth may have decided to act on his hatred after lincoln endorsed giving the right to vote to african-american men who had served in the union army.

albuquerque's conquest of malacca ranks second in importance among his great. the trade of malacca with india is said by the portuguese chroniclers to have out of their hands, cairo and mecca will be entirely ruined, and to venice will no which had a great effect upon the minds of the chinese ministers