This is a form of social action which was widely used during india's quest for independence in the early 20th century and the american civil rights movement in the 1960s.

the answer is d. give brainliest if right.

ps is this 7th grade civics?

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts