Which of these is an electoral "earthquake" where new issues emerge, new coalitions replace old ones, and the majority party may be displaced by the minority party?

The correct answer is critical election. This type of election is being defined as a term used from political history or political science that describes the change that occurred dramatically in the system of the politics. They are likely to be applied in the elections and to other countries.

the influence of charles louis de secondant , baton montesquieu.