What can a defendant in a federal case do if he or she is unhappy with a trials outcome?

 The correct answer is : Appeal the decision

Explanation:   An appeal is not a new trial. In case the defendant does not plead guilty in the trial, he will have the right to appeal the sentence, as long as the judge who gave his verdict in the trial has made a legal error. The defendant must have a valid and justified reason to appeal. It is not easy to win an appeal, it is serious and can not be appealed simply because there was no pleasure in the sentence, it is necessary to verify that the court made an error that caused damage or prejudice.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

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