What was the goal of hitler’s “final solution”? a. a military victory over the soviets that would ensure a supply of oil b. the unification of all germanic people into the third reich c. the extermination of all jews in areas controlled by germany d. the elimination of all socialist and communist regimes in europe

Correct  C. the extermination of all Jews in areas controlled by Germany.

Context/detail:

The Holocaust was the mass extermination of Jews and other unwanteds in Germany during World War II.  The Nazi Party under Adolph Hitler was in charge in Germany at the time.  This was a fascist and nationalistic form of government.

Hitler and the Nazis believed in the supremacy of what they referred to as the "Aryan race" -- which was a term they used for the Germanic peoples.  They believed their race was superior to "lesser races" like the Jews, blacks and others.  Hitler and the Nazis mounted a campaign in Germany to promote their race over others like Jews and Roma (gypsies), etc.  

They enacted what are called the Nuremberg Laws, which were passed at a Nazi rally in Nuremberg in 1935.  These laws denied citizenship and other rights to Jewish persons.  Examples of such laws:  

The Nazi campaign against Jews got even worse from there.  They rounded up Jews and put them in concentration camps (which later became extermination camps).  In support of their World War effort, they used Jews for forced labor in the concentration camps.  They also used Jewish persons and others they deemed undesirable essentially as laboratory rats for doing unethical medical experiments on them. For example, they'd put persons in a pressure chamber to find out how high an altitude they could let their pilots fly before they'd become unconscious from the altitude and pressure.  Others of their experiments were even more gruesome.  

Ultimately, there was what the Nazis called "The Final Solution" (in the 1940s).  Millions of Jews, along with other unwanteds, were exterminated in mass killings.  The Nazis used poison gas and other means of killing in their extermination camps.  They also sought to kill all Jews in the Jewish settlement region of the Soviet Union as German forces went through that territory when invading the USSR.

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.