Span of control refers to:
a. the number of individuals or resources that one supervisor can manage effectively during an incident.
b. an orderly line of authority that exists within the ranks of the incident management organization.
c. the process of moving the responsibility for incident command from one incident commander to another.
d. the act of directing, ordering, or controlling by virtue of explicit statutory, regulatory, or delegated authority.

the industrial development of cities in the ruhr area in the nineteenth century is described. the research was based on english and german language sources. several factors that shaped growth and paths of the cities were categorized and analyzed. they are locations, resources, traditions, entrepreneurs, and technological developments. locations and resources were the most important among them; other factors may be regarded as consequences from locations and resources. among the cities, bochum, essen, gelsenkirchen, and dortmund had the richest resources and most favorable locations in the transportation network and grew to be the largest cities in the ruhr area near the end of the nineteenth century. riverside location was also a favorable factor for the development, as shown in the development of duisburg on the confluence of rhine and ruhr. resource distribution can explain the rise of textile industry, metallurgical industry, and coal and iron industries, and the northward progression of the mining industry. tradition was an important factor for cities such as krefeld, barmen, elberfeld, solingen, and remscheid, which experienced development based on their traditions through the nineteenth century. various entrepreneurs exerted influences within and beyond the local level over the ruhr area. technological development stimulated the northward progression of the mining industry and the deep connection between the coal and the iron industries.

age 7 i learned how to ride a bike and skinned my knee

age 10 went on my first vacation to the beach

age 12 got in a car accident with my mom she got whiplash

age 14 i got my first pet and named it ripley

age 16 i got my my first car and it was blue

age 17 got my first job at target

explanation: