What does the abbreviation for the latin phrase anno domini refer to?

Anno Domini (in Latin 'in the year of the Lord'), abbreviated as AD, is a calendar indicator that indicates that the preceding figure is counted from the Christian year of the birth of Jesus Christ (Jesus of Nazareth), considered the beginning of the Christian era.

this means that germany had to pay the allied countries. reparations are/is essentially payment for something that they have done wrong, so after ww1, germany was forced to pay reparations so they could replenish the allied countries resources' that they had lost during the war.

explanation:

a trial judge has broad powers in his courtroom. the judge's decision is usually final for the duration of the trial, and the party's one special type of witness is an expert witness.