In the second half of the 19th century, humans used all of the following technological advances to modify and adapt to the physical environment except:
a. bessemer process
c. telephone
b. automobile
d. telegraph

small european communities with shared traditions consolidated into large new states (apex)

roosevelt believed that in light of the country's recent military successes, it was unnecessary to use force to achieve foreign policy goals, so long as the military could threaten force. this belief, and his strategy of “speaking softly and carrying a big stick,” shaped much of roosevelt's foreign policy.