Which of the following events are correlated but do not necessarily have a causal relationship?
a. a dog snarls and barks at a baby, who immediately starts crying.
b. a student stays up late doing homework, and he is very tired the next morning.
c. a rope climber lets go of her rope, so she quickly falls to the ground.
d. a teacher drops a box of chalk, and her chalkboard cracks a few minutes later.

the graphs indicate that few people in bolivia work in industry, as that is the least expressive sector shown in the respective graphic.

in mcculloch v. maryland (1819) the supreme court ruled that congress had implied powers under the necessary and proper clause of article i, section 8 of the constitution to create the second bank of the united states and that the state of maryland lacked the power to tax the bank.

gibbons v. ogden, (1824), was a landmark decision in which the supreme court of the united states held that the power to regulate interstate commerce, granted to congress by the commerce clause of the united states constitution, encompassed the power to regulate navigation.