Which of the following was the central issue of the presidential election of
1844?
(a) slavery
(b) temperance
(c) women’s suff rage
(d) westward expansion
(e) anti-masons movement

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.