How did the heritage of the past hinder the newly independent nations?

The heritage of the past hindered the newly independent nations by having unity to be prevented to be formed between the nations it is because the people remember and have the knowledge of the past in which they are likely to made use of it even if there is a new change and development though this made unity to be impossible as it is being prevented.

the hereditary right of a monarch to rule from the mandate of heaven

answer

explanation

the given equation is

we can rewrite this as:

let

then the equation becomes:

the factors of 8 that sum up to -9 are {-1,-8}

we split the middle term with these factors to obtain,

we factor by grouping to obtain:

apply the zero product property to get:

but