Which of the following is not a criterion used to grant an individual access to classified data?
a. appropriate clearance
b. signed, approved non-disclosure agreement
c. need to know
d. senior government personnel, military or civilian

The right option is option d, Senior government personnel, military or civilian. In the United States citizens do not have access to all information which is why there is classified data and confidential hierarchy. According to the confidentiality an individual could need an appropriate clearance, signed, approved non-disclosure agreements or a special permit for the president if there is a "need to know". Despite that, being a senior government personnel, military or civilian does not grant access to classified data because it could put the national security in danger.

american troops were forced to withdraw following deadly bombings.

explanation:

some women in the middle and upper classes worked as doctors, government officials, or priestesses. both women and men enjoyed a better quality of life the higher they were on the social pyramid. the egyptians believed that their class system created a stable, well-ordered society. each group had its own role to play.