This german theologian is credited with beginning the protestant reformation

Martin Luther

Explanation:

Martin Luther was a German professor of theology and priest  who was a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was critical of many practices of the Catholic Church, particularly those related to the selling of indulgences. Luther expressed these views in a document called the Ninety-five Theses.

b.

jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.

the correct answer is:

b) a rich merchant.