How did the reformation most impact women? it provided greater political freedom for women. it encouraged the economic independence of women. it expanded access to education for women. it subjected women to a greater risk of persecution.

REFORMATION IDEAS SPREAD

1) which two beliefs did the various Anabaptist sects have in common? Religious toleration and separation of church and state

2) What main catalyst drove Henry VIII to establish the Church of England? The pope would not grant Henry an annulment so he could remarry and produce a male heir

3)  What was one important result of the Catholic reformation? The council of Trent reaffirmed traditional doctrine, tried to end abuses, and established new schools

4) How did the Jesuits help fight against the Protestant Reformation? select all that apply. Disguised Jesuits secretly traveled to Protestant lands to support Catholics & Jesuits advised Catholic rulers about how they could prevent ot fight heresy

5) why did the Protestant Reformation most likely encourage the persecution of Jews? they represented another challenge to Christian teachings

6) why did reformation ideas most likely produce so many protestant sects in Europe? Questioning by reformers inspired more reformers

7) how did the Reformation most impact women? it subjected women to a greater risk of persecution? it subjected women to a greater risk of persecution

8) how did the beliefs of the Anabaptist affect infants? infants were not baptized until they were adults

~GENERAL OUT~

from thales, who is often considered the first western philosopher, to the stoics and skeptics, ancient greek philosophy opened the doors to a particular way of thinking that provided the roots for the western intellectual tradition. here, there is often an explicit preference for the life of reason and rational thought. we find proto-scientific explanations of the natural world in the milesian thinkers, and we hear democritus posit atoms—indivisible and invisible units—as the basic stuff of all matter. with socrates comes a sustained inquiry into ethical matters—an orientation towards human living and the best life for human beings. with plato comes one of the most creative and flexible ways of doing philosophy, which some have since attempted to imitate by writing philosophical dialogues covering topics still of interest today in ethics, political thought, metaphysics, and epistemology. plato’s student, aristotle, was one of the most prolific of ancient authors. he wrote treatises on each of these topics, as well as on the investigation of the natural world, including the composition of animals. the hellenists—epicurus, the cynics, the stoics, and the skeptics—developed schools or movements devoted to distinct philosophical lifestyles, each with reason at its foundation.

with this preference for reason came a critique of traditional ways of living, believing, and thinking, which sometimes caused political trouble for the philosophers themselves. xenophanes directly challenged the traditional anthropomorphic depiction of the gods, and socrates was put to death for allegedly inventing new gods and not believing in the gods mandated by the city of athens. after the fall of alexander the great, and because of aristotle’s ties with alexander and his court, aristotle escaped the same fate as socrates by fleeing athens. epicurus, like xenophanes, claimed that the mass of people is impious, since the people conceive of the gods as little more than superhumans, even though human characteristics cannot appropriately be ascribed to the gods. in short, not only did ancient greek philosophy pave the way for the western intellectual tradition, including modern science, but it also shook cultural foundations in its own time.