How does the map of modern europe differ from the map of europe in the 17th century?

a) today, germany and italy are politically unified nations.
b) today, europe has more multi-ethnic kingdoms than in the 17th century.
c) today, political boundaries strictly follow physical geographic features.
d) today, both physical geography and religion define european nations.

The correct answer is A: Today, Germany and Italy are politically unified nations.

In the 17th century, Germany and Italy were not unified nations and were scattered in many regions that were politically, ideologically or ethnically divided. Today, both of them are politically unified nations each one.

B is incorrect because Europe does not have more multi-ethnic kingdoms nowadays than it did in the 17th century. Actually, the amount of kingdoms Europe has nowadays is very few.

C is incorrect because political boundaries do not follow strictly physical geographic features. Some do, but some don't.

Finally, D is incorrect because neither physical geography nor religion solely define European nations today.

what are the issues?

either b) they were often feared and despised by other native cultures. or

c) their obsession allowed them to coexist with many other native cultures because of their peaceful nature.