Both the han and the roman empires declined as a result of ?

Internal and external conflicts

Explanation:

The Han and Roman Empires internal and external conflict resulted in the decline. The Roman and Han empires internal rupture due to the corrupt emperors and officials was one of the reasons for the decline. Externally because of attacks from Germanic tribes in the Roman Empire and the Xiongnu in Han dynasty.

porter is writing economic history because he is focusing on the cost of developing vaccines.

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