History, 04.08.2019 17:00, lilquongohard

How did popes in the 11th century use excommunication and interdict as political tools?

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Excommunication, the formal process of banishing someone from the Church, and interdict, a formal measure which bans certain Church members from participating in specific holy rites, were used extensively by the 11th century popes. Since the Church was the dominant social institution, its power was interwoven with that of other political structures, and popes were able to use these tools to apply coercion or removal to those who disagreed with them. For example, the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV was excommunicated on four separate occasions due to his disagreements with Gregory VII and Urban II.

answered: Guest

b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.

answered: Guest

because everyone tends to get their feelings hurt if they don't agree with something someone is doing and vice versa. it's a major issue that needs to be dealt with, especially in the christian society. everyone thinks that christians hate gay people, because it is a sin, and christians "just hate everyone who sins and every one is going to hell for sinning"(saying that all in a sarcastic tone but i'm just going to go ahead and tell you why everything with that type of view on christians is wrong.

#1. christians do not hate gay people. and if they do, then that is their own personal problem. christians are not supposed to hate anyone. if you hate a neighbor (or any person basically), then that is as if you are hating jesus.

#2. being gay is in fact a sin according to the holy bible. it is in genesis. and no, the fact that it is a sin, does not mean that god hates you. he is grieved that a person is sinning against his word, but he still loves that person. in fact, christians are supposed to love everyone. we are supposed to love our enemies, but hate the sin they are doing. we love you and respect you, but we do not agree with every decision you make, is basically what i'm trying to say.

hope this you ! (: